How to put Loban

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Roj Khordad Mah Tir, 1381 Yz.

In my interaction with devotees at our Daremeher and outside I have noticed that there is a great deal of ignorance about the correct procedures to be followed when visiting our spiritual institutions. One such case in point is the procedure to be followed by a devotee after the prayers for a deceased member of the family have been done.

When a family member passes away, the relatives of the deceased generally have prayers said with some intensity during the first year. In general, prayers are said on the Roj of death (called Rojgar), the Fravardin Roj (All Souls Day) and the Parab (same Roj and Mah) of every month. In addition, prayers are done on the Siroza days and the Gahambar days. In all these cases, three specific prayers are done on the carpet – the Stum, Afringan and Farokshi; whereas the Baj is performed in the Urvisgah or Pavi area of the Daremeher. Generally a pair of priests sit down and one recites the Stum and Farokshi whereas the other will perform the Afringan. Once these prayers are over, the priests invite the relatives of the deceased to the carpet with the words: ‘Loban muko ji.’

putting loban

In households where regular prayers are done over many years, the family members (including youngsters) would have got used to the procedure, but today I see even many elder Parsis getting flustered about what to do, with each pushing to other to ‘go first’ so that they may copy the motions done by the first member. So what is the correct protocol and method to be followed when the priests invite the devotee to the carpet?

The first important step is to clean the carpet. Zerorez can also help people in cleaning carpets. It is also important to remove footwear (and where over 95% of Parsis err) is to NOT remove the footwear before arriving at the carpet. The devotee should walk right next to the carpet with his/her footwear on. Then removing one foot from the shoe, he should place the foot on the carpet and then remove the other shoe and get the other leg on the carpet. At no point of time should the naked feet touch the bare ground. When the foot comes into direct contact with the bare earth, the magnetic forces present in the earth ground the personal magnetism (aura) of the person which has been maintained by the performance of the Kusti. This is the reason why we say that the Kusti is ‘broken’ if the naked foot touches the bare earth. To avoid this, it is better to wear thick cotton socks while attending the ceremonies. If this is inconvenient for ladies, then care should be taken to ensure that the foot is placed directly on the carpet from the shoe, without touching the ground.

Once again it needs to be emphasized that roaming barefoot is a sin in our religion – not only in the Daremeher but also at home. A true Parsi is one whose head is always covered with a cap of two folds, the feet are covered with correct footwear and the body is enclosed in the protective folds of the Sudreh and Kusti.

Once you are on the carpet, kneel down and face the fire. Pass a look at the two or three metal plates in which the fruits, flowers, milk and water of the ceremony have been placed. Now taking the Chamach (ladle) or chipia (tongs) in the right hand, scoop a small amount of Loban from its tray and gently offer it on to the fire. In your mind’s eye picturize the departed person for whom the ceremony is being performed, along with other deceased relatives. Then putting the ladle or tongs down, recite the following prayer in Pazend:

Eshaan Behesht-Behereh baad, anoshah shaan ba oy ravaan rasaad, ba oy Behesht roshan ba aasaayaad! Pedaraan va maadaraan va beraadaraan va khaaharaan va khudaan va khishaan ham dinaan-i-man, ke bed, and, va ke vadordeh and, hamaa shaan Behesht-Behereh baad! O shaan geti behereh baad! O shaan kaar va kerfe geti behereh baad! Hamaa as manashne va gavashne va kunashne pa aane raast fraarun pa raahe vehaan pasand-i-yazdaan baad! Aedun baad! Aedun tarz baad! Ashem Vohu 1.

Now pass the following thoughts, which summarize the words of the above prayer:

May they (for whom this ceremony is being performed) attain their share of Heaven, may they become immortal and achieve salvation, may they enjoy the comforts of the Heaven of Endless Light! Fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, relatives and all my fellow Zoroastrians, who will be born hereafter, or who are existing, or who have passed away, may they all achieve their share of Heaven! And may they achieve their share of this earth too! And may they achieve their share of good deeds and efforts. Through their thoughts, words and deeds, may they all arrive at the path of truth and righteousness and thereby achieve the favour of the Yazads! May it be so! May it even more be so!

This beautiful passage is taken from the Pazend prayer called ‘Namaz-i-Dadar Hormazd’. The fact that this passage is the most apt prayer while placing Loban for the deceased was first pointed out by the ace disciple of Ustad Saheb – Ervad Phiroze S. Masani, in his brilliant Pazend series (available here on the Ilm-e-Khshnoom SkyDrive ). Thereafter, many other Khordeh Avesta prayer books have heeded his words and put this paragraph at the end of the books (without giving Ervad Phiroze Masani the credit). The thoughts contained in this short prayer are not only apt for the occasion but also explain to the us the real purpose of the soul.

The prayer hopes that the soul (Ruvan) attains the state of Anushehi – a state of blissful activeness, where it can hear the celestial song of Ahura Mazda and take giant steps in its onward progress. After many years of this state, the soul will finally achieve the Highest Existence (called Vahishtem Ahum in the short Vispa Humata prayer we recite every day). The prayer then hopes for this exalted stage not only for the Ruvan of the deceased or the whom the ceremony has been performed, but for all relatives – including those who will be born in the future, those who are existing now and those who have passed away.

Not content with the family, the devotee wishes the Highest Existence for all Zoroastrians, wherever they may be. The devotee fervently hopes that the Ruvan (and its physical, human body) will leave all paths (which lead nowhere) and come onto the straight path of truth and righteousness, which is the only path which will lead it to salvation. Once the Ruvan (and its physical human body) adopt the path of Truth, they will find the favour of the celestial beings – the Yazatas who will themselves guide the Ruvans on to their journey and ultimate destination.

This brilliant prayer will not only give succor and hope to the departed soul, it also imparts important lesson to the living who recite it. The prayer explains to them the temporary nature of physical life and reminds them that their day too will come. On that long and arduous journey (which we are covering in our series the Wondrous Circle of Life), no physical belongings, money, wealth and assets will help them. Only their ‘kaar o kerfeh’ – their righteous efforts and their pious deeds will be their constant companion till the destination is reached.

I am uploading an Acrobat file which contains this beautiful prayer, along with its free rendering in Gujarati and English. The file is formatted in such a way that the Gujarati and English both will fit onto one A4 page. The printout can be taken in which ever language you are more comfortable with and then the quarters folded such that the prayer appears on one side and the translation on the other. This can then be laminated to form a small pocket sized card, which can be used when attending the ceremonies at any Daremeher. Maybe a reader of Frashogard can have some of these printed and laminated and then distributed in the Daremehers.

I am thankful to Frashogard reader and our Behram Baug resident Mr. Adil Motafaram for originating this idea.

Ervad Marzban J. Hathiram

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Comments

  1. Dilnavaz  November 22, 2011

    Thank you for this enlightening post. The part about not going barefoot was especially interesting and informative, with so much mis-informaton spread about its purported benefits of cleanliness.

  2. Delnavaz  November 22, 2011

    thanks so much for this information. I will definitely memorize this beautiful prayer.

  3. Aspy Khan  November 22, 2011

    Thank you for enlightening us.
    Keep the invaluable information going.
    Regards,
    Aspy.

  4. Merzush Mistry  November 22, 2011

    Thank you once again for your guidance and knowledge on one of those very basic things we do without even bothering to think for a sec if its done in the right way or not.

  5. Cyrus Karadia  November 23, 2011

    Thank You very much for guidance and knowledge

  6. Shiraz  November 23, 2011

    Have only heard priests referring to these prayers in the agiary. Can you please elaborate on what are stum, afringan, farokshi and baj prayers. Can they be recited by layity for their dear departed? What are the actual prayers under each. In which geh can they be recited. Are there any rituals associated with these prayers. Would appreciate an in-depth reply.

  7. Viraf Mehta  November 23, 2011

    Very rarely have I read an article on our religion that is put in simple terms as you have done above. Thank you Ervad Saheb. I am interested in knowing about our religion, unfortunately, most articles are so technical in nature that one looses interest half way through.

  8. rohinton  November 23, 2011

    Dear Marazban just a small query which would like to clear can one put loban after a khushali jashan (Zinderavan) . if not what is the reason. Thank You….

  9. Parsinews.net  November 23, 2011

    Thankyou for this information, if interested in backlink do email me on [email protected]

  10. khursheed b irani  November 24, 2011

    as usual a big thank you to you Ervad Saheb.. I do hope i can memorise the prayer or shall definitely read it as advised by you. While on the same note can u enlighten me if it is alright to shower the place of jashan with rice “vadhavi levu” as i see this trend of late and dont remember my family members doing it earlier.. It pains me to see people then trampling on the rice grains after the jashan is over.
    thank you

  11. Firoz Dara Dosabhai  November 25, 2011

    Respected Sir,
    I have to emphesise that most of such prayers are done at Agiyari/Daremeher where we are walking barefoot and there is nun to make us know or there is general system taking out shoes at the door and walk in.Such as Kolkata Atash Adran.

  12. Roshani Khodaiji  November 27, 2011

    Dear Dastor Saheb.
    Thank You for the interesting information on this sacred ritual . It is indeed very enlightening and will surely have a better understanding the next time i attend such a ritual.
    Thank you.

  13. Eric Patel  November 27, 2011

    Thank you for this religious information. Please continue these teachings to all of us and we spread to all our community.

  14. Saroosh Yazdani  November 30, 2011

    Commenting on the photo in this article: why do Parsis pray on banana leaves? and: What are its benefits?

  15. Siroosh Yazdani  December 13, 2011

    Could I at least have a response? Please

  16. Ruby Percy Sanjana  December 20, 2011

    Hi Siroosh,
    Banana is considered to be an ambrosia and in most part of India, is considered to be a fruit fit for the God and Goddesses. Through out India, banana leaves are used in the religious ceremonies and even death ceremony. In Kerala, the priest take out fibre/ thread from the banana leaf sheath to make a flower garland for the deities. The prasad after the puja is also distributed on the banana leaf. The items placed on the banana leaf for the puja has their own set place.Warm food when served on the leaf absorbed the vitamins from the leaf……….etc etc. It is also preferred to a metal thali as it is considered SATTVIK (pure).
    I suppose, we must have also adopted this practice like many other practices from India.
    Tandarosti,
    Ruby

  17. Yezdi S Sabavala  December 27, 2011

    Respected Dasturji Saheb,
    I am unable to have a complete and proper printouts your knowledgeable writing for the benefit of my elderly father who can read at leisure, nor I am able to copy and paste in Microsoft Word. Kindly arrange for a printer friendly version.
    Regards

  18. Ervad Marzban J. Hathiram  December 28, 2011

    @Yezdi
    I have disabled the right click and copy paste functions on the website since certain persons were copying the articles and submitting them to other publications with their own names as the author!

  19. Siroosh Yazdani  December 29, 2011

    Thanks Ruby! that was a very detailed yet easy to understand explanation.

  20. Yezdi S Sabavala  December 29, 2011

    Respected Ervad Saheb,
    I can understand your concern about plagiarize, but atleast enable a separate readable print out for each blog. To-day I can print the full text but too in very small letter size only if customised at 40% to 45% which is not convenient for reading, otherwise any thing customised at 50% or above gets printed, but with many missing matter’s.

    You should do something about these to spread your writing knowledge across a larger community base.

    Regards

  21. Adi Dubbash  December 31, 2011

    Respected Ervad Saheb, Sahebji!

    What should a devotee do in the following circumstances?

    1) A devotee has just entered the Adaran/Atashbehram and in the midst of performing the mandatory Paidyab Kasti the Gah changes. Should s/he pause or continue doing the Kasti and what thoughts should pass through one’s mind at the change of Gahs?

    2) In our Adarans/Atashbehrams, periodical prayers are recited in memory of a departed one. Is it appropriate/permissible, if the relative/s, at such times leaves the hall to offer prayers out side near the well or to the Kebla in the adjoining hall?

    3) I am told that the sequence of facing the directions while reciting Char Disha-no-Namaskar stated in the Khordeh Avesta printed by the Union Press is incorrect. Is it true? If it is, then which is the correct sequence?
    Kindly enlighten!

    Thank you and Best Wishes to you & your family for 2012

    Adi Dubbash

  22. Ervad Marzban J. Hathiram  January 1, 2012

    @Adi Dubbash
    1. You should time your Kusti so that this does not happen. As soon as the Gah changes one should perform Padyav and then do the Kusti. While doing the Gah kusti the Mithra to be passed is that may the effect of the Gashak be negated and may my Aipi attune itself to the new Ratus of the new Gah.
    2. You can do that.
    3. For the Namaskar, first face south, then east, then west and lastly north. Another important point missed out is that the entire Namaskar including Ahmai Raescha to Kerfeh Mozd should be recited in each direction and not only at the end.
    Wish you the best for the new year.

  23. parvin desai  February 9, 2013

    i learnt alot of what u have said from my teacher dr. mrs, jeanie bharucha, so i am fortuanate , i am following it as there r along line of people wanting to put loban i say the pryert the end of my prayers.about footware itried telling people but they r offendedso i do not try any more. people also say manashni,——, the right word as i have learntis humanashni or humata, correct me if i am wrong.

  24. Sanjana dastur  October 21, 2014

    Dear Marazban , Wish to know if a athornan ervad or Osta can offer loaban for the his/her departed soul of the family as i have heard that an ervad/osta cant offer loban is this true if so What would be the reason?

    Also wish to know can one offer loban after the Zinderavan or Khusali na Jashan ceremonies are performed ? Or any such other ceremonies?

    Thank you